Cartalax

References verified by Eagle

Primary literature located on PubMed and checked one by one. Only entries with a PMID and a DOI were accepted; no commercial page was used as evidence. Design, model and limitations are stated for each, because «it has three references» says more than the references do.

• The influence of peptides on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells during replicative aging

  Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii), 2023

  Design

  In vitro, gene expression and protein synthesis

  Model

  Human mesenchymal stem cells in replicative ageing, chondrogenic differentiation

  Finding

  AED peptide at 200 ng/ml increased expression and protein synthesis of the chondrogenic markers SOX9, aggrecan, type II collagen and COMP.

  Limitations

  Cell culture, not an organism, and no clinical endpoint. The abstract writes «AED peptide» without expanding the abbreviation; identifying it as Ala-Glu-Asp rests on the group's consistent nomenclature. The AED sequence was studied; no commercial Cartalax formulation was evaluated.

  PMID: 37782646DOI: 10.34922/ae.2023.36.3.013

• Peptides prevent the forming of secretory phenotype of chondrocytes associated with the aging

  Advances in Gerontology (Uspekhi Gerontologii), 2023

  Design

  In vitro, protein synthesis

  Model

  Human chondrocytes with the ageing-associated secretory phenotype

  Finding

  AED normalised synthesis of the molecules forming the chondrocyte senescence-associated secretory phenotype: p16, p21, p53, TNF-α, IL-1α and Sirt1.

  Limitations

  Cell culture, not an organism, and no clinical endpoint. Osteoarthritis is discussed as context, not measured. The abstract writes «AED peptide» without expanding the abbreviation. The AED sequence was studied; no commercial Cartalax formulation was evaluated.

  PMID: 37356100DOI: 10.34922/ae.2023.36.2.011

• Comparison of the Effects of KE and AED Peptides on Functional Activity of Human Skin Fibroblasts during Their Replicative Aging

  Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2020

  Design

  In vitro, cell culture

  Model

  Human skin fibroblasts, replicative ageing

  Finding

  The AED peptide increased synthesis of sirtuin-1, sirtuin-6 and collagen I in the cultures.

  Limitations

  Cell culture, not an organism. Skin fibroblasts, not cartilage. No clinical endpoint. The AED sequence was studied; no commercial Cartalax formulation was evaluated.

  PMID: 33231794DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05022-1

• Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro

  Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2016

  Design

  In vitro, cell culture

  Model

  Human skin fibroblasts in culture

  Finding

  AED and AEDG peptides reduced caspase-dependent apoptosis, which rises as the cultures age.

  Limitations

  Cell culture. Skin fibroblasts, not cartilage. AED was one of several peptides tested; no commercial Cartalax formulation was evaluated.

  PMID: 27259496DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3370-x

• Gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cell aging cultures: modulation by short peptides

  Molecular Biology Reports, 2020

  Design

  In vitro, gene expression

  Model

  Human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells

  Finding

  AED, together with two other short peptides, increased NFκB gene expression in both ageing models used.

  Limitations

  Cell culture. Gene expression only, with no functional or tissue endpoint. Not cartilage. The AED sequence was studied; no commercial Cartalax formulation was evaluated.

  PMID: 32399807DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05506-3